Volume 30, Issue 1

Objective. This paper provides an historical perspective on the wide use of fake
facts in modern American society, and the efforts of librarians, journalists, and
others to scrutinize public discourse as well as printed and online materials in
order to differentiate fake facts from truth.
Results. The paper identifies six historical factors that influenced both the belief
in truth as a value and the ability to carry out these evaluations: (1) the rise in
various kinds of literacy and numeracy; (2) expansion of data-driven government;
(3) the rise of scientific and social science research; (4) an expanding progressive
sentiment to address social problems; (5) the transformation of the media to
become fact-driven; and (6) the creation of a data and computing infrastructure
robust enough to handle real-world problems. All six factors were in effect, at
least in an incipient form, by the end of the nineteenth century.

Background. Until recently, information behaviour scholars have mainly focused on the workplace or educational settings, and defined information as either a tool for problem solving or a means to satisfy needs. This, however, only represents a partial picture of a larger horizon. In some arenas of life, such as serious leisure, people do not seek information to necessarily solve a problem or satisfy an urgent need. They look for information to enjoy a hobby or participate in an entirely voluntary activity.
Objective The paper introduces transcendental information as a subjective and contextual to provide insights on lesser explored corners of the information behaviour scholarship. This concept is compared with existing theories and concepts in the information behaviour area.
Method.This conceptual paper is based on a critical literature review of human information behaviour, and reflects on some key concepts in the field, including the nature of information, information needs, information seeking and sharing.
The paper also provides a selective literature review of the serious leisure perspective to contextualise the analysis.
Results.. It is found that transcendental information usually has an aesthetic and intellectual essence. It may be expressed in various imaginative forms and can appear in different non-textual and embedded formats. Moreover, it can generate joyful and inspiring impacts. The paper refers to serious leisure as an exemplary setting to contextualise transcendental information within a relevant and well-established theoretical framework.